This study aimed to understand the expressions of fear in the journeys of health professionals who worked in the confrontation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), in the city of Manaus, in the Brazilian Western Amazon. This is an exploratory qualitative study that adopts interpretive description as a method to generate informed knowledge responsive to the needs of the practice. We included 56 participants, comprising 23 health managers and 33 health workers (middle and higher level) of different professional categories. The results (...) revealed three circles of experience: (1) knowledge and professional experience in dealing with the disease (unknown–known–experienced); (2) the growing proximity to death and loss (predicted–witnessed–suffered); and (3) the involvement and proximity to whatever affects the individual, their emotions, and personal transformations in the face of the threat (the collective, the neighbor, and oneself). Our results suggest that health professionals who worked during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Manaus experienced insecurity, dread, and fear, illustrating the complexity of developing their activities in the front line of care and management during the different phases of the pandemic. A contribution of the study is precisely that of capturing this complexity, which suggests the impossibility of analyzing fear only in its simple manifestation, or in each circle of experience. (shrink)

A informação e o poder exercem influência na sociedade, pois um retroalimenta o outro, visto que ambos fazem parte do desenvolvimento das sociedades. No decorrer da história brasileira, avanços e retrocessos motivados por esses dois aspectos, agregados à precarização da educação pública, transformaram a realidade do país. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir sobre a relevância dos pesquisadores que se dedicam em prol do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico, que resistem às estratégias econômicas governamentais, especialmente quando os investimentos em Ciência e (...) Educação são precários ou priorizam privilegiar apenas algumas áreas do conhecimento. Logo, este trabalho se configura como um ensaio dialógico, a partir da revisão de literatura, se propõe a: fomentar discussões a fim proporcionar possibilidades para a Ciência da Informação, aliada a uma perspectiva mais social; atuar por meio do diálogo entre informação e poder; e, por fim, compreender os reflexos na sociedade contemporânea, assim como as repercussões nos rumos da Educação, da Ciência e do progresso em geral do país. (shrink)

Este dossiê representa a continuidade de um projecto centrado no património dos agentes ligados à produção, circulação e recepção do livro. A partir da história e dos espólios de empresas editoriais e de coleccionadores, bibliófilos e/ou divulgadores, a introdução problematizante e os depoimentos convocam a memória dos agentes e debatem as ameaças que pendem sobre essa herança cultural riquíssima e possíveis soluções. As boas práticas de vários países impõem uma reflexão inadiável para o contexto português: que vias de cooperação inter-institucional (...) concretas para garantir o depósito, tratamento e comunica­ção duma dimensão fulcral do património e da memória colectiva. A relevância desta ques­tão deve-se a estar inextricavelmente ligada a um reconhecimento sustentável do estatuto patrimonial e histórico dos acervos dos editores e doutros agentes ligados à edição e ao livro enquanto espaços vitais para a construção da cultura impressa e para a história do livro e da edição. Os depoimentos referidos são de Carlos da Veiga Ferreira, Fernando Paulouro Neves e Francisco Pedro Lyon de Castro. (shrink)

O objetivo desta publicação é incentivar a produção filosófica de excelência por parte de pesquisadores notadamente influenciados pela filosofia de Wittgenstein e cujos temas possam suscitar um debate aprofundado. Além de desafiar o empreendimento filosófico contemporâneo, os temas aqui apresentados abordam questões que muitas vezes estão além daquelas consideradas por Wittgenstein em seu tempo. O leitor encontrará neste volume questões relacionadas ao ceticismo semântico e epistêmico, ao relativismo ético, às leituras literárias de Wittgenstein, ao problema das outras mentes e percepção (...) de aspectos, a intersubjetividade e o caráter contrassensual do Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, e, também, relacionadas ao Paradoxo de Moore. (shrink)

This investigation analyzed the attitudes of Portuguese judges and victim support professionals toward intimate partner homicide committed by women. By administering an online survey disseminated by the Portuguese Superior Council for the Magistracy and the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality, we found that both groups of professionals are not always aligned in their attitudes toward domestic violence and intimate partner homicide, which could jeopardize the articulation between both sectors needed for an effective preventive intervention. However, most professionals of both (...) groups tend to disagree that women provoke their aggressors or lie about their condition as victims of domestic violence and agree that there is a need for increased security and prevention of intimate partner homicides against female and male victims when reporting domestic violence. (shrink)

Neste texto, discutimos disposições teórico-metodológicas do Grupo de Estudos sobre Numeramento (GEN), na busca de compreender os modos como pessoas, em suas singularidades, mas como sujeitos sociais, se apropriam de práticas matemáticas, tomadas como práticas discursivas. A pesquisa, a formação docente e a atuação do GEN em contextos educativos diversos inserem-se nos campos da Educação Matemática e do Letramento, pois buscam conhecer sujeitos da Educação (crianças, adolescentes, jovens, pessoas adultas e idosas), que, vivendo em sociedades ‘grafocêntricas’ e ‘quanticratas’, movidos por (...) intenções pragmáticas e parametrizados por referências culturais, forjam usos dos sistemas linguísticos relacionados à quantificação, mensuração, ordenação, classificação e organização de formas e espaços. A esses usos chamamos práticas de numeramento. As situações em que as identificamos – os eventos de numeramento –, em seu caráter histórico, são tomadas como unidades da análise das intenções dos usos, dos efeitos de sentido que logram produzir e, principalmente, de como sujeitos se constituem nas interações por eles mediadas, ao produzirem e tensionarem significados. Na seção ‘Compreendendo práticas matemáticas como práticas discursivas: foco, perspectiva e referenciais teórico-metodológicos do Grupo de Estudos sobre Numeramento (GEN)’: explicitamos o propósito do Programa de Pesquisa do Grupo (conhecer sujeitos e grupos sociais que protagonizam práticas de numeramento); justificamos sua base teórica (os Estudos do Letramento como Prática Social; a Pedagogia da Liberdade e da Autonomia; a compreensão da cognição como processo social; e a abordagem sociológica da Linguagem); assumimos a etnografia como lógica de investigação; e propomos a análise de interações como principal tratamento do material empírico. Apontamos também, dadas as especificidades dos sujeitos, a necessidade do diálogo com diversos campos: Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (EJA), Sociologia da/s Infância/s; Estudos da/s Juventude/s; Educação do Campo; Educação Indígena; Educação de Pessoas Surdas; Formação Docente, entre outros. Na seção ‘Compreendendo práticas de numeramento como práticas de letramento: fertilidade analítica e pedagógica das escolhas teóricas’, esclarecemos como nossos estudos se inserem numa perspectiva Etnomatemática, porque contribuem para conhecermos os sujeitos que vemos protagonizar práticas matemáticas ao assumirem posições discursivas – portanto, sociais, culturais e políticas. Na seção ‘Compreendendo a aprendizagem matemática como apropriação de práticas de numeramento: desdobramentos da concepção de práticas matemáticas como práticas discursivas’, apresentamos como o conceito de apropriação de práticas de numeramento, de inspiração vigostskiana, usado para contemplar múltiplos sentidos das ações dos sujeitos em eventos de numeramento, disponibiliza uma ferramenta teórica para compreender a aprendizagem matemática não como experiência cognitiva individual, mas como ação social. Na seção ‘Interlocuções teóricas e disposições analíticas dos estudos mais recentes do GEN’, indicamos como uma análise tridimensional do discurso (do texto, da situação discursiva e da prática social), adotada para conhecer melhor os sujeitos e reconhecê-los como sujeitos sociais, tem-nos conduzido às considerações de Paulo Freire sobre sujeito de cultura, sujeito de conhecimento, sujeito dialógico e sujeito do processo, que compõem o sujeito histórico, protagonista de eventos de numeramento. Na ‘coda’ (‘Reiterando’), reafirmamos o foco de nossa linha de investigação no campo da Educação Matemática: pessoas constituindo-se como sujeitos sociais, enquanto se apropriam de práticas de numeramento. (shrink)

In a hospital UFNs, an outbreak of food poisoning can have disastrous consequences and aggregate risk of death for patients. Thus, the training of food handlers is critical to ensuring the quality of the food that is produced. The aim of this study was to implement the SOPs related to sanitation and disinfection of equipment and utensils, by means of a training, containing illustrative figures and everyday issues on the subject; and evaluate the daily practice of sanitation and disinfection activities (...) before and after the intervention with employees of UFN. We developed and implemented a guidefor inspection of best practices in sanitation of equipment and utensils at two different times, before and after the intervention with the food handlers. The results showed a significant improvement in the situation of this unit in terms of practice, frequency and fulfillment of stages related to sanitation and disinfection of equipment and utensils. We concluded that the implementation of SOPs for sanitation and disinfection was carried out successfully, and that empowering employees with dynamic and interactive training allows them a greater understanding of the importance of hygiene practices in the daily routine of UFN. (shrink)

A resenha diz respeito ao livro "A grande onda vai te pegar, espetáculo e ciberespaço na Bola de Neve Church's", na qual trata das transformações no campo religioso hoje, a partir do estudo de caso com a igreja Neopentecostal "Bola de Neve Church1s".

This article analyzes the issue of organizational transparency through the lens of Thomas Aquinas’ ethics. It provides moral justification for current claims about corporate transparency and sheds light on the ethical values and virtues affecting information disclosure decisions. Transparency is conceptualized as an informational mechanism necessary for performing the virtues of truthfulness, justice, and prudence. This article extends the organizational transparency and corporate social responsibility literatures by providing an alternative moral justification grounded in virtue-based theory, which extends our understanding of (...) the information disclosure decisions made by management. (shrink)

Cultural diversity is an inescapable reality and a concern in many businesses where it can often raise ethical questions and dilemmas. This paper aims to offer suggestions to certain problems facing managers in dealing with cultural diversity through the inspiration of Thomas Aquinas. Although he may be perceived as a voice from the distant past, we can still find in his writings helpful and original ideas and criteria. He welcomes cultural differences as a part of the perfection of the universe. (...) His systemic approach leads one to place the problem in its proper context, and to reflect on it from the perspective of virtue ethics, with a central role for practical wisdom and giving primacy to neighborly love and natural moral law. Rather than a set of rigid standards with no consideration of diversity Aquinas focuses on the common human ground, which allows for the indispensable dialogue between different positions. When dealing with practical questions, the problem is one of finding the right balance between general principle and cultural specifics, tolerance, and dialogue, always guided by practical wisdom. In this way, Aquinas’ approach is neither rigid ethical universalism with no consideration for diversity nor moral relativism with no place for any transcultural and absolute morals. (shrink)

The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ psychosocial functioning was widely attested during the last year. However, the extent to which individual differences are associated with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during quarantine in Italy remains largely unexplored. Using a person-oriented approach, the present study explored the association of personality profiles, based on three broad individual dispositions and two self-efficacy beliefs in the emotional area, with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during the first Italian lockdown. In doing so, we focused (...) also on how different age groups differently faced the pandemic. The study was conducted through an online survey from May to June 2020 and included 1341 participants living in Italy, divided into two groups: 737 young adults aged 18–35 and 604 adults aged 36–60 years old. Latent Profile Analysis identified three personality profiles: resilient, vulnerable, and moderate. A subsequent path analysis model showed that the resilient profile was positively associated with prosocial behavior as an indicator of adaptive outcome, and negatively associated with three maladaptive outcomes: interpersonal aggression, depressive symptoms, and anxiety problems. Contrarily, the vulnerable profile resulted negatively associated with prosocial behavior and positively associated with the three maladaptive outcomes. Finally, regarding age group differences, young adults belonging to the vulnerable profile showed a greater association especially with interpersonal aggression, depression, and anxiety problems, as compared to adults belonging to the same profile. Overall, the results of the present study highlighted the importance to analyze individual functioning during an isolation period by using a person-oriented approach. Findings evidenced the existence of three different profiles and subsequent path analysis revealed, especially for the vulnerable profile and young adults, a greater maladaptive consequence of the quarantine. The practical implications will be discussed. (shrink)

This paper presents an intuitive explanation about why and how Rawlsian Theory of Justice (Rawls in A theory of justice, Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1971) provides the foundations to a solution for algorithmic bias. The contribution of the paper is to discuss and show why Rawlsian ideas in their original form (e.g. the veil of ignorance, original position, and allowing inequalities that serve the worst-off) are relevant to operationalize fairness for algorithmic decision making. The paper also explains how this leads (...) to a specific MinMaxfairness solution, which addresses the basic challenges of algorithmic justice. We combine substantive elements of Rawlsian perspective with an intuitive explanation in order to provide accessible and practical insights. The goal is to propose and motivate why and how the MinMaxfairness solution derived from Rawlsian principles overcomes some of the current challenges for algorithmic bias and highlight the benefits provided when compared to other approaches. The paper presents and discusses the solution by building a bridge between the qualitative theoretical aspects and the quantitative technical approach. (shrink)

Soren Kierkegaard's Works of Love, a series of deliberations on the commandment to love one's neighbor, has often been condemned by critics. Here, Ferreira seeks to rehabilitate Works of Love as one of Kierkegaard's most important works. He shows that Kierkegaard's deliberations on love are highly relevant to some important themes in contemporary ethics, including impartiality, duty, equality, mutuality, reciprocity, self-love, sympathy, and sacrifice. Ferreira also argues that Works of Love bears on issues peculiar to a religious ethic, (...) such as the role of God as "middle term," and the possibility of preserving the aesthetic dimensions of love in a religious ethic of relation. (shrink)

Evidence is accumulating that individual and environmental factors in childhood and adolescence should be considered when investigating adult health and aging-related processes. The data required for this is gathered by comprehensive long-term longitudinal studies. This article describes the protocol of the Zurich Longitudinal Studies, a set of three comprehensive cohort studies on child growth, health, and development that are currently expanding into adulthood. Between 1954 and 1961, 445 healthy infants were enrolled in the first ZLS cohort. Their physical, motor, cognitive, (...) and social development and their environment were assessed comprehensively across childhood, adolescence, and into young adulthood. In the 1970s, two further cohorts were added to the ZLS and assessed with largely matched study protocols: Between 1974 and 1979, the second ZLS cohort included 265 infants, and between 1970 and 2002, the third ZLS cohort included 327 children of participants of the first ZLS cohort. Since 2019, the participants of the three ZLS cohorts have been traced and invited to participate in a first wave of assessments in adulthood to investigate their current health and development. This article describes the ZLS study protocol and discusses opportunities, methodological and conceptual challenges, and limitations arising from a long-term longitudinal cohort recruited from a study about development in early life. In the future, the ZLS will provide data to investigate childhood antecedents of adult health outcomes and, ultimately, will help respond to the frequent call of scientists to shift the focus of aging research into the first decades of life and, thus, to take a lifespan perspective on aging. (shrink)

Italian Sounding—i. e., the Italian appearance of a product or service brand irrespective of its country of origin—represents a global market phenomenon affecting a wide range of economic sectors, particularly the agro-food sector. Although its economic impact has been repeatedly stressed from different points of view, systematic scientific knowledge regarding its social–psychological bases is lacking. Three studies carried out in three different countries address this literature gap. Different consumer groups are targeted regarding major product categories pre-selected categories, which are the (...) major Italian food goods within the specific country according to piloting. In each study, the main independent variable has been manipulated by presenting real product images, whose “Italianness” degree is effectively manipulated by the main study variable across three or four levels. Main hypotheses are tested via a survey with the specific product images administered to samples in Italy, China, and the USA. Across the three studies, results show that Made in Italy products, compared to the other ones, are advantaged in terms of the main dependent variables: reputation profile, general reputation, attitude, and willingness to pay. Moreover, Italian Sounding products are endowed with corresponding significant advantages when compared to the Generic Foreign by non-Italian samples. Results reveal the specific social–psychological profile of Italian Sounding products in terms of either weaknesses or strengths when compared to both Made in Italy products and Generic Foreign ones, differently in the eyes of Italian and non-Italian consumers across different countries. Finally, consistently across the three studies, the extent to which a food product is perceived to be Italian increases consumers' WTP for that product, and this effect is consistently mediated by the product's reputation. (shrink)

Platelets have important hemostatic functions in repairing blood vessels upon tissue injury. Cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites stored in platelet α‐granules and dense granules are released upon platelet activation and clotting. Emerging evidence indicates that such platelet‐derived signaling factors are instrumental in guiding tissue regeneration. Here, we discuss the important roles of platelet‐secreted signaling factors in skeletal muscle regeneration. Chemokines secreted by platelets in the early phase after injury are needed to recruit neutrophils to injured muscles, and impeding this early (...) step of muscle regeneration exacerbates inflammation at later stages, compromises neo‐angiogenesis and the growth of newly formed myofibers, and reduces post‐injury muscle force production. Platelets also contribute to the recruitment of pro‐regenerative stromal cells from the adipose tissue, and the platelet releasate may also regulate the metabolism and proliferation of muscle satellite cells, which sustain myogenesis. Therefore, harnessing the signaling functions of platelets and the platelet secretome may provide new avenues for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration in health and disease. (shrink)

The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the value of creative arts therapies in healthy older adults. This article aims to shed light on current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of art therapies for the prevention of common age-related conditions using the definition of art therapy provided by the American Art Therapy Association, as well as Cohen’s conceptual framework for the psychological conceptualization of the relationship between the arts and health in later life. The objective is to carefully capture (...) subthreshold situations of distress, which are often not taken into account and primarily involve psychological aspects that are crucial in the multidimensional perspective of healthy aging. Twelve articles were selected and examined following an initial electronic search on 3 databases. A thematic analysis of the results identified four major themes: improving cognitive performance and proprioception; enhancing self-identity and meaningful life; reducing feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms; and the importance of socialization. All these aspects constitute the basis for preventing psychological distress and enhancing mental well-being for healthy aging. (shrink)

Análise dos processos de formação do professor. Situa inicialmente as alternativas de constituição dos agentes do sistema político administrativo da educação do final do período imperial para focalizar as estratégias formativas adotadas pela Escola Complementar, analisando para tanto entrevistas, documentos iconográficos e escritos. A delimitação espacial do estudo é a Província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Discute a instrução pública a partir de seus agentes e os processos formativos de seleção, instrução, contratação, especialização e diferenciação que ao longo do tempo constituíram o professor contribuindo para a formação do cidadão e institucionalização da educação no Rio Grande do Sul.

Es conocido el efecto de espectacularización derivado del proceso de colonialización-mundialización de la cultura: una vez que la actividad local ingresa en la economía política mundial de la cultura, cada acontecimiento se vuelve espectáculo , con su doble aspecto de “estrellato” y “museificación”. En efecto, ante la multiplicación de modos de vida que circulan en las redes telecomunicacionales, Estados e industrias culturales buscan por un lado preservar formas sociales y culturales que se consideran en peligro y, por otro, difundir y (...) explicar esas mismas formas. En este marco, el museo ha aparecido últimamente como uno de los dispositivos privilegiados para afrontar este doble propósito. Analizaré aquí un museo que se resiste a petrificar aquello que pretende cuidar, así como a extraer el núcleo de su razón de ser únicamente de las motivaciones económicas asociadas a la inversión en cultura. Me refiero al Museo-Taller Ferrowhite, ubicado en Ingeniero White, provincia de Buenos Aires. Propongo que se trata de un museo que se sabe un artefacto cultural hiper complejo, capaz de identificar la tensión que él mismo encarna, como institución estatal, al intentar contar la (su) historia y proponer un sentido para el rescate de esa historia en el presente. (shrink)

Resenha do livro Filosofia da Ancestralidade de Eduardo David de Oliveira.

The theme of consent is, without question, associated with the origins of bioethics and is one of its most significant paradigms that has remained controversial to the present, as is confirmed by the proposal for its debate during the last World Congress of Bioethics. Seen broadly as a compulsory minimum procedure in the field of biomedical ethics, even today it keeps open the issues that it has raised from the start: whether it is really necessary and whether it can be (...) proven to be effective. My goal will be to attempt to determine the most genuine and relevant meaning of consent, going back from its present dominant normative meaning and, from there, identifying or simply sketching other possible forms of its expression in the world we live in, so as to justify its pertinence and validity. This objective will involve three stages: (1) ‘Consent’ as a privileged paradigm of bioethics (the ethical-juridical sense), (2) The symbolic value of ‘consent’ (the social-cultural sense), and (3) ‘Consent’ as promotion of the human (the humanistic-personal sense) .It is concluded that the common notion of normative consent is not the only one, nor does it hold universal validity; that, from a historical-cultural perspective, new expressions of consent appear, adapted to different social contexts and to possibly be implemented in developing countries; and, finally, that consent is strictly indispensable in situations of extreme dependence, in its symbolic relational character, in as much as it promotes ethical relationships among strangers and ensures that they remain so. (shrink)

Synaptophysin (Syp) was the first synaptic vesicle (SV) protein to be cloned. Since its discovery in 1985, it has been used by us and by many laboratories around the world as an invaluable marker to study the distribution of synapses in the brain and to uncover the basic features of the life cycle of SVs. Although single gene ablation of Syp does not lead to an overt phenotype, a large body of experimental data both in vitro and in vivo indicate (...) that Syp (alone or in association with homologous proteins) is involved in multiple, important aspects of SV exo‐endocytosis, including regulation of SNARE assembly into the fusion core complex, formation of the fusion pore initiating neurotransmitter release, activation of SV endocytosis and SV biogenesis. In this article, we summarise the main results of the studies on Syp carried out by our and other laboratories, and explain why we believe that Syp plays a major role in SV trafficking. BioEssays 26:445–453, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

The increasing use of digital technologies in judicial and arbitration proceedings increases the usage of digital evidence by the parties, which brings the necessity of creating patterns for adjudicators to admit and assess this new type of evidence. This paper generally addresses digital evidence focusing on the second moment in international arbitration proceedings. It also narrows the topic to hacked and leaked evidence and its admissibility in international arbitration. The literature review showed a significant amount of research devoted to the (...) evidence in arbitration. Some considered electronic evidence within one jurisdiction; others focused on certain forms of digital evidence such as electronic signatures. Papers on digital evidence in international arbitration approach arbitration rules for digital evidence but skip admissibility issues. No systemic and complex works research digital evidence in arbitration, explicitly focusing on the admissibility of hacked and leaked digital evidence from a comparative perspective. Also, no research deals with enforcing international arbitration awards relying on illegally obtained digital evidence. In these cases, there could be a possible violation of domestic public policy under the New York Convention terms (art. V, 2, b). That is why the paper aims to offer the concept of digital evidence in international arbitration, including hacked and leaked evidence, criteria of its admissibility and relevance, and design the arbitration guidelines for assessing hacked and leaked evidence. Comparative legal analysis of the international arbitration rules and national procedure law allowed us to compare the regulatory approaches to the definition of digital evidence and its admissibility worldwide. The method of legal modeling allowed designing model guidelines for arbitral tribunals to evaluate the admissibility and relevance of digital evidence, including hacked and leaked evidence. Moreover, the case study method allowed us to analyze jurisprudence and define criteria for admission of hacked and leaked evidence. We conclude that the admissibility of hacked and leaked evidence depends solely on the arbitrator’s broad discretion to assess the evidence. Nevertheless, thorough evidence analysis and a well-reasoned award are always mandatory. (shrink)

This paper is the result of my participation in a discussion event of Problema. Anuario de filosofía y teoría del derecho entitled “The Construction of Precedent in Civil Law: Debates, Concepts and Challenges”. Several colleagues with a vast knowledge on the subject of judicial precedent participated in this seminar, which also delved into the widely debated aspects of judicial precedent focused on the case of Chile. The entire discussion aimed at proposing solutions, as well as shedding some light on some (...) of its important aspects.Starting from such transcendental concepts as, rationality and argumentative use, it is possible to find certain problems arising from the improper use of the above concepts, which in turn leads us to stare decisis, a term that if used incorrectly may result in an act against the internal independence of judges. (shrink)

This study investigates whether employees attribute different motives to their organization's corporate social responsibility efforts and if these motives influence employee performance. Specifically, we investigate whether employees could distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic CSR motives by surveying 229 employee–supervisor dyads from various industries , and the impact of these perceptions on in-role and extra-role performance of subordinates. We found that employee task performance increases when employees attribute both intrinsic and extrinsic motives for CSR. Moreover, when employees perceive that their organization (...) invests in a CSR practice that is both intrinsic and extrinsic, they also tend to exert extra effort in their work. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed alongside future research directions. (shrink)

El presente trabajo es el resultado de mi participación en el evento de discusión de la revista Problema. Anuario de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho, que llevó por nombre “La construcción del precedente en el Civil Law: debates, conceptos y desafíos”, en el cual participaron varios colegas con un amplio conocimiento en el tema del precedente judicial; de igual forma, ahonda en los temas de mayor debate dentro de lo referente al precedente judicial, enfocado al caso chileno. Todo ello, con (...) la finalidad de proponer algunas soluciones al respecto, así como dilucidar ciertos aspectos importantes dentro del precedente. Partiendo de conceptos tan trascendentes como la prescriptibilidad, la racionalidad y el uso argumentativo, se logra llegar a ciertas problemáticas provocadas por el mal uso de los conceptos previamente mencionados, que a su vez nos conduce al stare decisis, término que mal utilizado puede resultar en un acto contrario a la independencia interna de la cual gozan los jueces. (shrink)

High blood pressure (HBP) is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure (BP), and the presence of elevated BP in childhood is predictor of hypertension in adult life. Studies have shown a positive correlation between sodium chloride ingested in the diet and blood pressure values. This study aims to evaluate the consumption of added salt before and after awareness of risk, by high school students. This occurred for three days in the refectory, where students (...) received illustrative brochure with information about sodium intake; exhibition of a poster illustrating foods with their respective equivalent amount of sodium and sodium chloride, exemplifying the maximum recommended amount of consumption per day. For five days, before and after gaining awareness, it the amount of consumption of sachets of salt was accounted. Statistical analyzes were performed by Student's Test, with a confidence interval of 95%. During the study period were served on average 128.3 meals. Before the awareness of sodium consumption of risks, of 820mg and 330mg sodium salt was consumed an average per individual, and thereafter, 640mg and 260mg, respectively (p=0,043). Simple Nutrition Education Strategies in short term were effective for improving the consumption of added salt in adolescents. (shrink)